Peacemaking is one of the most complex challenges in global affairs. Every conflict is shaped by a unique combination of history, identity, politics, trauma, economic inequality, and local grievances. Because of this complexity, efforts to end violence often fail when they rely on one-size-fits-all solutions or short-term interventions. External actors may underestimate local dynamics, while local voices are sometimes excluded from decision-making altogether.
What makes peacemaking especially difficult is that conflicts are rarely driven by a single cause. Instead, they evolve over time, with shifting alliances, power struggles, and cycles of mistrust. Even when fighting slows or stops, unresolved grievances can easily reignite violence. This is why peace agreements that focus only on ending hostilities — without addressing root causes — often collapse.
Yet evidence shows that peace can be built when certain principles are followed. Successful peacemaking efforts prioritize inclusive processes, bringing governments, civil society, community leaders, and affected populations to the table. Collaboration between international organizations and local actors increases legitimacy and trust. Most importantly, effective peacebuilding relies on evidence-based strategies, learning from past successes and failures rather than relying on assumptions or ideology. Peace is difficult — but with patience, cooperation, and informed decision-making, it is achievable.